Paul Bley

Paul Bley, CM (born November 10, 1932), is a pianist known for his contributions to the free jazz movement of the 1960s as well as his innovations and influence on trio playing.

Biography
Paul Bley was born in Montreal, Canada; his parents were Betty Marcovitch, an immigrant from Romania, and Joe Bley, owner of an embroidery factory. Bley has been a long-time resident of the United States. His music characteristically features strong senses both of melodic voicing and space.

In the 1950s he founded the Jazz Workshop in Montreal, performing and recording there with Charlie Parker. He also performed with Lester Young and Ben Webster at that time.

In 1953 he conducted for Charles Mingus on the Charles Mingus and his Orchestra album and the same year Mingus produced the Introducing Paul Bley album with Mingus and Art Blakey. In 1960 Bley recorded on piano with the Charles Mingus Group.

In 1958, he hired Don Cherry, Ornette Coleman, Charlie Haden and Billy Higgins to play at the Hillcrest Club in California.

In the early 1960s he was part of the Jimmy Giuffre 3, a clarinet, piano and bass trio with bassist Steve Swallow. The quiet understatement of this music makes it possible to overlook its degree of innovation. As well as a repertoire introducing compositions by his ex-wife Carla Bley, the group's music moved towards free improvisation based on close empathy.

During the same period Bley was touring and recording with Sonny Rollins, which culminated with the RCA Victor album Sonny Meets Hawk! with Coleman Hawkins.

In 1964 Bley was instrumental in the formation of the Jazz Composers Guild - a co-operative organisation which brought together many free jazz musicians in New York: Roswell Rudd, Cecil Taylor, Archie Shepp, his ex-wife Carla Bley, Michael Mantler, Sun Ra, among others. The guild organized weekly concerts and created a forum for the "jazz revolution" of 1964.

Bley had long been interested in expanding the palette of his music using unconventional sounds (such as playing directly on the piano-strings). It was therefore consistent that he took an interest in new electronic possibilities appearing in the late 1960s. He pioneered the use of Moog synthesizers, performing with them before a live audience for the first time at Philharmonic Hall in New York City on Dec. 26, 1969.

This led into a period of the "Bley-Peacock Synthesizer Show", a group where he worked with songwriter Annette Peacock, including Improvisie, a French release of two extended improvisiational tracks with Paul on melodic electric piano and modulated synthesizer supporting Annette Peacock's remarkable tonal experiments singing through what sounds to be a Maestro (Tom Oberheim designed) Ring Modulator, with percussion by Dutch free jazz drummer Han Bennink.

Subsequently Bley returned to a predominant focus on the piano itself.

During the 1970s, Bley, in partnership with videographer Carol Goss, was responsible for an important multi-media initiative, Improvising Artists which issued LPs and videos documenting the solo piano recordings by Sun Ra and other works of free jazz with Jimmy Giuffre, Lee Konitz, Gary Peacock, Lester Bowie, John Gilmore, Jaco Pastorius, Pat Metheny, Steve Lacy and others. Bley and Goss are credited in a Billboard Magazine cover story with the first "music video" as a result of the recorded and live performance collaborations they produced with jazz musicians and video artists.

Bley was featured in the 1981 documentary film Imagine the Sound, in which he performs and discusses the history of his music.

In the 1990's, Bley joined the faculty of the New England Music Conservatory, however he no longer teaches there. Musicians of note Satoko Fujii and Yitzhak Yedid have studied with Bley at NEC.

Bley has continued to tour internationally and record prodigiously, with well over a hundred CDs released. n 1999 his autobiography, Stopping Time: Paul Bley and the Transformation of Jazz was published. In 2003 Time Will Tell: Conversations with Paul Bley was published. In 2004 Paul Bley: la logica del caso (Paul Bley: The Logic of Chance) was published in Italian. In 2008, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

As leader

 * America Records
 * 1971: The Fabulous Paul Bley Quintet (Live recording from Hillcrest Club, Los Angeles, 1958)
 * 1972: Improvisie


 * ECM Records
 * 1970: Paul Bley with Gary Peacock
 * 1971: Ballads
 * 1972: Open, to Love
 * 1986: Fragments
 * 1987: The Paul Bley Quartet
 * 1991: In the Evenings Out There
 * 1994: Time Will Tell (with Evan Parker and Barre Phillips)
 * 1999: Not Two, Not One (with Gary Peacock and Paul Motian)
 * 2000: Sankt Gerold (with Evan Parker and Barre Phillips)
 * 2007: Solo in Mondsee


 * Freedom
 * 1970: Dual Unity (with Annette Peacock, Han Bennink, Mario Pavone, Laurence Cook)
 * 1975: Copenhagen and Haarlem (Live recordings 1965 and 1966)


 * Improvising Artists (Bley's own label)
 * 1974: Jaco
 * 1975: Quiet Song (with Jimmy Giuffre and Bill Connors)
 * 1975: Alone, Again
 * 1975: Turning Point (with John Gilmore, Gary Peacock, Paul Motian), orig. Savoy mono recordings, March 9, 1964
 * 1976: Virtuosi
 * 1977: Japan Suite
 * 1977: Coleman Classics Vol. 1 (Four more tracks of the Hillcrest Club recording from 1958)
 * 1977: Axis
 * 1978: IAI Festival (with Giuffre / Konitz / Conners / Bley)


 * Justin Time Records
 * 1987: Solo
 * 1991: A Musing (with Jon Ballantyne)
 * 1993: Sweet Time
 * 1993: Double Time
 * 1993: Know Time
 * 1994: Outside In (with Sonny Greenwich)
 * 1996: Touche (with Kenny Wheeler)
 * 2001: Basics
 * 2004: Nothing to Declare
 * 2008: About Time


 * Postcards Records
 * 1994: Synth Thesis
 * 1994: What If (with Bruce Ditmas as leader, John Abercrombie, Sam Rivers, Dominic Richards)
 * 1996: Music for the Millennium (with Ralph Simon as leader, Gary Peacock, Julian Priester)


 * Soul Note
 * 1983: Tango Palace
 * 1983: Sonor
 * 1985: Hot (with John Scofield)
 * 1987: Notes (with Paul Motian)
 * 1988: Live at Sweet Basil (with John Abercrombie)
 * 1990: Memoirs (with Charlie Haden and Paul Motian)
 * 1992: Mindset (with Gary Peacock)
 * 1994: Chaos


 * SteepleChase Records
 * 1972: Solo Piano
 * 1973: Paul Bley/NHØP (with Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen)
 * 1985: Questions
 * 1985: My Standard
 * 1986: Live & Live Again
 * 1987: Indian Summer
 * 1988: Solo Piano
 * 1988: The Nearness of You
 * 1989: Rejoicing
 * 1989: Bebopbebopbebopbebop
 * 1991: Plays Carla Bley
 * 1992: Caravan Suite
 * 1992: At Copenhagen Jazz House
 * 1993: If We May
 * 1994: Speachless
 * 1995: Reality Check
 * 1998: Notes on Ornette


 * Other labels
 * 1953: Introducing Paul Bley (Debut)
 * 1954: Paul Bley (EmArcy)
 * 1962: Floater Syndrome (Savoy Records | Vogue)with Steve Swallow and Pete LaRoca
 * 1963: Footloose!, Savoy
 * 1964: Turns, Savoy, reissued 1988 (in part identkical with Tuning Point on Improvising Artists)
 * 1964: Barrage (with Marshall Allen, Dewey Johnson, Eddie Gomez, Milford Graves), ESP
 * 1965: Closer (with Barry Altschul, Steve Swallow), ESP
 * 1965: Touching, Fontana
 * 1965: Blood, Fontana
 * 1966: In Harlem - Blood, Polydor
 * 1966: Ramblin, BYG
 * 1968: Mr. Joy, Limelight
 * 1973: Scorpio (with David Holland, Barry Altschul), Milestone
 * 1983: Tears, Owl
 * 1990: Partners (with Gary Peacock), Owl
 * 1990: ''Paul Bley 12(+6) In a Row (with Franz Koglman and Hans Koch)
 * 1992: Annette (with Franz Koglmann, Gary Peacock), hatART
 * 1993: Homage to Carla, Owl

As sideman
With Don Ellis With Jimmy Giuffre and Steve Swallow With Sonny Rollins With Marion Brown With Charlie Haden With John Surman With Andreas Willers
 * Out of Nowhere (Candid, 1961 [1988])
 * Essence (Pacific Jazz, 1962)
 * 1961: The Jimmy Giuffre 3 - Fusion, Verve
 * 1961: The Jimmy Giuffre 3 - Thesis, Verve (Remixed rerelease by ECM together with Fusion, 1992)
 * 1961: Jimmy Giuffre Trio Live in Europe 1961, Raretone, 1984
 * 1961: Emphasis, Stuttgart 1961, hatART, 1993
 * 1961: Flight, Bremen 1961, hatART, 1993
 * 1962: Free Fall, Columbia
 * 1989: The Life of a Trio (2 volumes), Owl
 * 1992: Fly Away Little Bird, Owl
 * 1993: Conversations with a Goose, Soul Note, 1996
 * 1963: Sonny Meets Hawk!, RCA Victor
 * 1963: Tokyo 1963, Rare Live Recordings
 * 1974: Sweet Earth Flying, Impulse!
 * 1989: The Montreal Tapes: with Paul Bley and Paul Motian, Verve
 * 1991: Adventure Playground, ECM
 * 2001: In the North, Between the Lines