Giant Steps (song)

"Giant Steps" is a jazz composition by John Coltrane, first appearing as the first track on the album of the same name (1960). The composition contains a rapid and improvised progression of chord changes through three keys (see Coltrane changes) shifted by major thirds, creating an augmented triad.

Title
The song title comes from the relatively giant leaps between the roots of consecutive chords. From a transcription, one can easily infer that many of these are upward leaps of minor thirds, but they can just as easily be inverted as descending major sixths, the latter approach best accentuating the disconcerting nature of the progression.

Recording
The original recording features Coltrane (tenor saxophone), Paul Chambers (double bass), Tommy Flanagan (piano), and Art Taylor (drums). John Coltrane was known for coming into the studio with unrehearsed songs, and "Giant Steps" was no exception. On the original recording, Tommy Flanagan (piano) played a choppy start-stop solo where it sounds like he is struggling to improvise over Coltrane changes without adequate preparation. Flanagan would revisit "Giant Steps" on several recordings later in his career and mastered the progression. In some of the alternate takes, Cedar Walton is at the piano, declining to take a solo and also playing at a slower tempo than the takes with Flanagan.

Chord progression
The saxophonist had previously used this technique on the LP Blue Train on the tunes "Moment's Notice" and "Lazy Bird". Coltrane continued in this vein on a recording with Cannonball Adderley of the standard "Limehouse Blues" and on his original "Fifth House". He continued to use this approach on other tunes, such as "Countdown", based on the Miles Davis tune "Tune Up"; "26-2" based on Charlie Parker's "Confirmation"; and a reharmonization of the jazz standard "Body and Soul". Songs such as "Naima" and "Like Sonny" also show some harmonic similarity to "Giant Steps". Coltrane continued to employ similar concepts in his soloing during his more open and modal middle period. A Love Supreme features examples of lines based on "Giant Steps" cycles over modal vamps, to create a polytonal effect (see modal jazz).

The progression continues to stimulate harmonic thinking in contemporary jazz. There are a number of different approaches to soloing on the song. While Coltrane favoured arpeggiation over the changes, other players have used different tricks and patterns to bring out the sound of the changes. The chord progression was later used by Freddie Hubbard as a basis for his composition "Dear John" (on Hubbard's 1991 album Bolivia). Covers have been recorded by such artists as Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Pat Metheny, Buddy Rich, Jaco Pastorius, Mike Stern, Greg Howe, Tommy Flanagan (who played on the original recording), McCoy Tyner, Kenny Werner, Kenny Garrett, Woody Herman, New York Voices, and Taylor Eigsti, Gary Bartz. The song was recorded by Chaka Khan in 1982 as part of the "Be Bop Medley" from her album Chaka Khan.

Interpretations
The 1979 live album by Max Roach and Archie Shepp, The Long March features the composition.

In 1990, guitarist Larry Coryell recorded the song on his album Dragon Gate. In 2001, French pianist Alex Bugnon played the song on the album Soul Purpose.

Ray Brown recorded the song with Lewis Nash and Dado Moroni on the 1994 album Some of My Best Friends Are...The Piano Players.

Fusion musician Sean Malone recorded the song on his solo album Cortlandt in 1996.

In 2006, pianist Rob Mullins played the song on his standards album Standards & More. The contemporary composer Osmo Tapio Räihälä makes a short quote of "Giant Steps" in his work "Piston" (2009) for two pianos.

Bruce Hornsby, Jack DeJohnette and Christian McBride give a rendering of the song on their 2007 album Camp Meeting.

Trio Globo (Howard Levy, Eugene Friesen, Glen Velez) recorded a re-arranged version of it on Steering by the Stars (Stonecutter Records, 2010)